Gross margin is gross profit — revenue minus cost of goods sold — as a percentage of revenue. It shows how much a company keeps after directly producing what it sells, before overhead, R&D, and marketing.
The formula
Revenue − COGSRevenue
= Gross Margin
Why it matters
- —A structural ceiling on profitability — everything below gross profit (overhead, R&D, marketing) eats into it further.
- —Software and pharma run high gross margins; retail and manufacturing run thinner ones — compare within industry.
- —A shrinking gross margin over time is often an early warning of pricing pressure or rising input costs.
How to read it
| < 30% | Capital- or input-intensive business |
| 30%–60% | Typical for most industries |
| > 60% | Software, pharma, or strong pricing power |
Highest gross margins in our coverage
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